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#1 (permalink) |
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Guest
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Water Terms Research Project
Hydrology: Definition - The scientific study of the properties, distribution, and effects of water on the earth's surface, in the soil and underlying rocks, and in the atmosphere. Facts - Hydrology is a science that many people study. There are college courses completely dedicated to hydrology. Water Quality: Definition - Standards for water quality change as new information becomes available. The acceptable levels of a particular substance may be changd as we learn more about the effects. Water quality is basically the measure of dissolved water pollutants contained in water from a specific source. Facts - Until the 1960s, the acceptable level of selenium in drinking water was .05 mg/L. Then it dropped to .01 mg/L. It has now returned to .05 mg/L. This is a great example how water quality standards change as more information becomes known about particular substances. Oligotrophic: Definition - A freshwater lake that is lacking in very many nutrients. These lakes support little plant life. Facts - These lakes are crystal clear, with quite low algae content. They have high Dissolved Oxygen levels, and they populate various species of fish. A lake that is oligotrophic is the opposite of a eutrophic lake, which has high levels of nutrients, and lots of plant life. Polluted Water : Definition - A water pullutant is any substance picked up by water which makes it impure. Water dissolves many different types of substances. Some substances are not actually dissolved in water, but suspended and dispersed. Water is polluted when it has pollutants in it that are unhealthy to the organisms living in the biome, or organisms that drink the water, such as humans. Facts - Water pollutants can be divided into eight different catagories: disease-causing agents, inorganic chemicals, synthetic organic compounds, fertilizers, sediments, oxygen-demanding wastes, radioactive materials, thermal pollution. Water pollution falls into two categories, untreated or inadequately treated wastes from easily indentified points, or waste from different sources, such as silt or fertilizers washed int oa stream from many farms during a rainstorm. Hard Water: Definition - Water described as "hard" is high in dissolved minerals, specifically calcium and magnesium. Hard water is not a health risk, but a nuisance because of mineral buildup on fixtures and poor soap and/or detergent performance. Facts - As water moves through soil and rock, it picks up very small particles and carries them with it as it travels. The more dissolved minerals in the water, the "harder" the water is. Salt Water: Definition - Salt water is a mixture of water, and salt. Facts - The average salenity of the ocean is 35 PPT (parts per thousands). When salt water gets cold, the concentration of salt increases. This means that colder waters, such as the Arctic Ocean, has a much higher concentration of salt than warmer oceans, such as the Pacific Ocean. Water Table: Definition - The top of a saturated soil zone. Facts - When water runs down from a rain soaked surface it sinks into the water table, but does not go any further. A water table in an area may rise during the spring, when there is more water seeping into the ground than is being used. Estuary: Definition - Coastal regions such as inlets or mouths of rivers, where salt and freshwater mix. Facts - Estuaries often occur in bays or coves, sheltered from direct wind, and ocean waves. They contain sea water that is diluted by the freshwater inflow and mixed into the tide. Esturaries are extremely productive compared to other natural ecosystems and provide a nursery for many sea animals. Swamps and Bogs: Definition - A shallow wetland area that contains trees and shrubs growing within them. Facts - Swamps and bogs tend to contain considerable organic matter in various states of decomposition. Since they are shallow, much photosynthesis can occur, and healthy producer populations are established. They provide the food for many organisms, and they are frequently the breeding habitats for many different types of animals. Riparian: Definition - The lush green areas of vegetation bordering lakes, ponds, rivers, streams, and wet meadows. Facts - They are located in the deserts. They are lifelines in the desert, helping to support many species of animals living in that biome. Glacier: Definition - A glacier is an accumulation of ice, air, water, and rock debris or sediment. Facts - A glacier is a large enough quantity of ice to flow with gravity due to its own mass. Glaciers flow very slowly, from tens of meters to thousands of meters per year. The ice can be as large as a continent, such as the ice sheet covering Antarctica, or it can fill a small valley between two mountains; a valley glacier. Eutrophication: Definition - Accumulation of nutrients in a lake or pond due to human intervention (cultural eutrophication) or natural causes (natural eutrophication). It contributes to the process of succession. Facts - There are two types of eutrophication, one caused by humans, cultural, and one caused by nature, natural. Cultural eutrophication speeds up the natural process greatly. What would normally take nature centuries to do, humans do in decades. Cultural eutrophication is not a good thing. Watershed: Definition - The area of land that catches rain and snow, and drains or seeps into a marsh, stream, river, lake or groundwater. Facts - Watersheds are everywhere. Some watersheds are millions of squre miles large, others are just a few acres. Soft Water: Definition - Soft water is the opposite of hard water. It has been fltered, and many of the dissovled substances have been removed from it. It is not completely pure water, but it is used by many people for everyday use. Drinking water, bath water, water for laudry, all use soft water. Facts - Soft water tends to make the skin and hair feel better after using it. Also unlike hard water, when using soft water to wash your cloths, they won't turn a greyish color. Water becomes soft when all the limestone, magnesium, and calcium have been filtered out. Freshwater: Definition - Water not containing large concentratons of salt. Other substances may be dissolved in varation according to where the body of water is located. This type of water is used by animals for drinking, and other various activities. Facts - Unlike salt water, freshwater has little concentration of salt. It is primarily used by humans for irrigation, drinking water, industrial uses, and many other things. The ammount of freshwater available for all humans has become a very large problem today. Water Budget: Definition - A type of balance sheet showing the water available in different parts of the water cycle. Facts - Each region in the US has it's own water budget. This is because there is great variation in every part of America. For example, Mojave Desert in California gets five centimeters of precipitation a year, while in the Olympic Mountains in Washington get 250 centimeters per year. Brackish Water: Definition - A type of water that is part salt water, and part freshwater. Facts - Many people think "brackish" means dirty, actually it doesn't mean that at all. Brackish water occurs mainly in estuaries, where the freshwater means the salt water. The main types of fish there are the ones that migrate from either salt water to freshwater, for vice versa. Marsh: Definition - See Swamp and Bog. Slough: Definition - A place of deep mud or mire. A swamp, bog, or marsh. Facts - Sloughs are largely free of sawgrass, and are dominated by free floating plants such as the white water lily. The Everglades have islands that fit these characteristics. Wetland: Definition - A biome that is half way terrestrial and half way aquatic. These biomes vary in size, water content, and human influence. Fact - Plants that live in wetlands are usually adapted to very wet soils. Although there are several formal definitions of wetlands, it is quite hard to define it perfectly since there are so many things that distinguish it from other biomes. Desalination: Definition - The removal of salt, especially from sea water, to make it drinkable. Facts - The process of desalination is very costly and uses a great deal of energy. Under pressure, the salt water is forced through a selective membrane that permits only water molecules to pass through. New technologies may make this process more efficient in the future. Evaporative desalination is another method of removing salt from water. [This message has been edited by 50 Cent (edited April 03, 2003).] |
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#2 (permalink) |
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Junior Member
Join Date: Feb 2002
Posts: 14
Internets: 10
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a bitch off huh? i'm down, but just as long as its between me and u, and not your fag troop(bigdickhoe, and some others i don't remember)
so yeah bitch all u want johnny, i'm up for a little bashing, especially if its u that i get to bash. all the bullshit u yapping is irrelevant |
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